/* ============================================================
   The Fortnightly Circular — Main Stylesheet
   Aesthetic: Victorian periodical, warm off-white paper
   ============================================================ */

/* -- Fonts -------------------------------------------------- */
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Playfair+Display:ital,wght@0,400;0,700;0,900;1,400;1,700&family=Literata:ital,opsz,wght@0,7..72,400;0,7..72,500;0,7..72,700;1,7..72,400;1,7..72,700&family=Inter:wght@400;500;600&display=swap');

/* -- Tokens ------------------------------------------------- */
:root {
  /* Palette — strictly limited */
  --color-ink:       #1a1a1a;
  --color-text:      #2d2d2d;
  --color-muted:     #6b6b6b;
  --color-rule:      #c4b5a0;
  --color-accent:    #8b3a3a;
  --color-paper:     #faf8f5;
  --color-highlight: #f0ebe3;

  /* Type families */
  --font-display: 'Playfair Display', Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  --font-body:    'Literata', Georgia, 'Iowan Old Style', serif;
  --font-sans:    'Inter', 'Source Sans Pro', system-ui, sans-serif;

  /* Type scale */
  --font-size-masthead:  clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3.5rem);
  --font-size-headline:  clamp(1.75rem, 3vw, 2.75rem);
  --font-size-subhead:   clamp(1.1rem, 1.8vw, 1.35rem);
  --font-size-body:      clamp(1rem, 1.2vw, 1.125rem);
  --font-size-small:     0.875rem;
  --font-size-caption:   0.8125rem;

  --line-height-body:     1.65;
  --line-height-headline: 1.15;
  --measure:              65ch;

  /* Spacing */
  --space-xs: 0.5rem;
  --space-sm: 1rem;
  --space-md: 1.5rem;
  --space-lg: 2.5rem;
  --space-xl: 4rem;
}

/* -- Reset -------------------------------------------------- */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body {
  background: var(--color-paper);
  color: var(--color-text);
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: var(--font-size-body);
  line-height: var(--line-height-body);
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}
img { display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto; }

a {
  color: var(--color-ink);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
  transition: color 0.15s ease, border-color 0.15s ease;
}
a:hover { color: var(--color-accent); border-bottom-color: var(--color-accent); }

:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--color-accent);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* -- Layout helpers ---------------------------------------- */
.container {
  max-width: 1100px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--space-lg);
}

hr {
  border: none;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
  margin: var(--space-lg) auto;
  max-width: var(--measure);
}

hr.ornamental {
  border: none;
  text-align: center;
  margin: var(--space-lg) auto;
}
hr.ornamental::before {
  content: '❧';
  color: var(--color-rule);
  font-size: 1.2em;
}

hr.full {
  max-width: none;
  margin: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
}

/* ============================================================
   PROOFBOUND DESIGN-SYSTEM CHROME (.pb-masthead / .pb-footer)
   ------------------------------------------------------------
   The site header and footer are owned by the design system at
   brand.proofbound.com/proofbound-design-system/proofbound.css.
   These rules only suppress Circular's global link underline
   inside the chrome and tag the live sign-in link.
   ============================================================ */
.pb-masthead a,
.pb-footer a { border-bottom: none; }
.pb-masthead a:hover,
.pb-footer a:hover { border-bottom: none; }
[data-signin].signin--live { color: #2e7d32; }

.circular-masthead {
  display: block;
  width: min(100%, 1100px);
  margin: var(--space-md) auto var(--space-lg);
  border-bottom: none;
}
.circular-masthead:hover { border-bottom: none; }
.circular-masthead__picture {
  display: block;
}
.circular-masthead__art {
  display: block;
  width: auto;
  max-width: 100%;
  max-height: 220px;
  height: auto;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

/* ============================================================
   FRONT PAGE — cover story + "In This Number"
   ============================================================ */
.front-page {
  padding: var(--space-xl) 0;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 300px;
  gap: var(--space-xl);
  align-items: start;
}

.cover-story { min-width: 0; }
.cover-story__kicker {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: var(--font-size-caption);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.2em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-md);
}
.cover-story__kicker .sep { color: var(--color-rule); margin: 0 0.5em; }

.cover-story__title {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: var(--font-size-headline);
  font-weight: 900;
  line-height: var(--line-height-headline);
  color: var(--color-ink);
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
  margin-bottom: var(--space-md);
  max-width: 18ch;
}
.cover-story__title a {
  color: inherit;
  border-bottom: none;
}
.cover-story__title a:hover { color: var(--color-accent); border-bottom: none; }

.cover-story__byline {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: var(--font-size-caption);
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-sm);
}
.cover-story__column {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: var(--font-size-small);
  color: var(--color-muted);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-md);
}

.cover-story__dek {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: var(--font-size-subhead);
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--color-text);
  max-width: 42ch;
  margin-bottom: var(--space-lg);
}

.cover-story__figure {
  max-width: var(--measure);
  margin: 0 0 var(--space-lg);
}
.cover-story__figure img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}
.cover-story__figure figcaption {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: var(--font-size-caption);
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  margin-top: var(--space-xs);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.cover-story__body {
  max-width: var(--measure);
  font-size: var(--font-size-body);
  line-height: var(--line-height-body);
  color: var(--color-text);
}
.cover-story__body p { margin-bottom: 0; text-indent: 1.5em; }
.cover-story__body p:first-of-type { text-indent: 0; }

/* Drop cap on the cover story lede */
.cover-story__body > p:first-of-type::first-letter {
  float: left;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 4.2em;
  line-height: 0.82;
  padding: 0.08em 0.08em 0 0;
  color: var(--color-accent);
  font-weight: 900;
}

.cover-story__readmore {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: var(--space-lg);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: var(--font-size-small);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-accent);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-accent);
  padding-bottom: 0.15em;
}
.cover-story__readmore:hover {
  color: var(--color-ink);
  border-bottom-color: var(--color-ink);
}

/* -- "In This Number" sidebar ------------------------------ */
.in-this-number {
  background: var(--color-highlight);
  padding: var(--space-lg) var(--space-md);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
}
.in-this-number__heading {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: var(--font-size-small);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.28em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--color-ink);
  padding-bottom: var(--space-sm);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-md);
}
.in-this-number__section {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: var(--font-size-caption);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  text-align: center;
  margin: var(--space-md) 0 var(--space-sm);
}
.in-this-number__list { list-style: none; }
.in-this-number__item {
  padding: var(--space-sm) 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
}
.in-this-number__item:last-child { border-bottom: none; }

.in-this-number__author {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: var(--font-size-caption);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.15em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
}
.in-this-number__title {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: var(--color-ink);
  margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
  border-bottom: none;
}
.in-this-number__title:hover { color: var(--color-accent); }
.in-this-number__dek {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: var(--font-size-caption);
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--color-muted);
}

/* -- Previous numbers footer -------------------------------- */
.previous-numbers {
  padding: var(--space-lg) 0 var(--space-xl);
  text-align: center;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: var(--font-size-small);
  color: var(--color-muted);
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}
.previous-numbers__heading {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: var(--font-size-subhead);
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--color-ink);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-sm);
  letter-spacing: 0;
}
.previous-numbers__heading::before,
.previous-numbers__heading::after {
  content: '❧';
  color: var(--color-rule);
  margin: 0 0.6em;
  font-size: 0.9em;
}
.previous-numbers a { color: var(--color-muted); border-bottom: none; }
.previous-numbers a:hover { color: var(--color-accent); }

/* ============================================================
   ARTICLE PAGE
   ============================================================ */
.article-page {
  padding: var(--space-lg) 0 var(--space-xl);
}

.article-header {
  max-width: var(--measure);
  margin: 0 auto var(--space-lg);
  text-align: center;
}
.article-header__section {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: var(--font-size-caption);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.2em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-md);
}
.article-header__title {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: var(--font-size-headline);
  font-weight: 900;
  line-height: var(--line-height-headline);
  color: var(--color-ink);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-md);
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
}
.article-header__dek {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: var(--font-size-subhead);
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--color-text);
  max-width: 50ch;
  margin: 0 auto var(--space-md);
}
.article-header__byline {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: var(--font-size-caption);
  letter-spacing: 0.2em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-muted);
}
.article-header__byline strong {
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--color-text);
}
.article-header__column {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 0.3rem;
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: var(--font-size-small);
  letter-spacing: 0;
  text-transform: none;
  color: var(--color-muted);
}

.article-header__rule {
  max-width: 8rem;
  margin: var(--space-lg) auto;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
}

.article-figure {
  max-width: var(--measure);
  margin: 0 auto var(--space-lg);
}
.article-figure--lead { margin-top: var(--space-md); }
.article-figure figcaption {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: var(--font-size-caption);
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  margin-top: var(--space-xs);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.article-body {
  max-width: var(--measure);
  margin: 0 auto;
  font-size: var(--font-size-body);
  line-height: var(--line-height-body);
  color: var(--color-text);
}

/* Indented paragraphs, no inter-paragraph gap */
.article-body p {
  text-indent: 1.5em;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.article-body p:first-of-type,
.article-body h2 + p,
.article-body h3 + p,
.article-body blockquote + p,
.article-body hr + p,
.article-body figure + p {
  text-indent: 0;
}

.article-body h2 {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: var(--color-ink);
  margin: var(--space-lg) 0 var(--space-sm);
}
.article-body h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: var(--color-ink);
  margin: var(--space-md) 0 var(--space-xs);
}

.article-body em { font-style: italic; }
.article-body strong { font-weight: 700; color: var(--color-ink); }

.article-body a {
  color: var(--color-accent);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
}
.article-body a:hover {
  color: var(--color-ink);
  border-bottom-color: var(--color-ink);
}

.article-body blockquote {
  border-left: 3px solid var(--color-accent);
  background: var(--color-highlight);
  margin: var(--space-md) 0;
  padding: var(--space-sm) var(--space-md);
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--color-text);
}
.article-body blockquote p { text-indent: 0; }

/* Featured drop cap (only on articles with .featured class) */
.article-body.featured > p:first-of-type::first-letter {
  float: left;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 4.2em;
  line-height: 0.82;
  padding: 0.08em 0.08em 0 0;
  color: var(--color-accent);
  font-weight: 900;
}

/* -- Contributor note -------------------------------------- */
.contributor-note {
  max-width: var(--measure);
  margin: var(--space-lg) auto 0;
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: var(--font-size-small);
  color: var(--color-muted);
  line-height: 1.6;
  text-align: center;
}

/* -- Prev / next --------------------------------------------- */
.article-continuation {
  max-width: var(--measure);
  margin: var(--space-xl) auto 0;
  padding-top: var(--space-lg);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: var(--space-md);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
}
.article-continuation__link {
  max-width: 45%;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  border-bottom: none;
}
.article-continuation__link:hover { color: var(--color-accent); }
.article-continuation__link--next {
  text-align: right;
  margin-left: auto;
}
.article-continuation__link small {
  display: block;
  font-size: var(--font-size-caption);
  letter-spacing: 0.15em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}
.article-continuation__link span {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: var(--color-ink);
}
.article-continuation__link:hover span { color: var(--color-accent); }

/* ============================================================
   CONTRIBUTORS PAGE
   ============================================================ */
.contributors-page {
  max-width: var(--measure);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: var(--space-lg) 0 var(--space-xl);
}
.contributors-page__header {
  text-align: center;
  margin-bottom: var(--space-lg);
}
.contributors-page__title {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: var(--font-size-headline);
  font-weight: 900;
  color: var(--color-ink);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-sm);
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
}
.contributors-page__dek {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: var(--font-size-subhead);
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--color-text);
  max-width: 50ch;
  margin: 0 auto;
}
.contributors__list {
  margin-top: var(--space-lg);
}
.contributor-card {
  padding: var(--space-md) 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
}
.contributor-card:last-child {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
}
.contributor-card__name {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-ink);
  margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
}
.contributor-card__role {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: var(--font-size-caption);
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-sm);
}
.contributor-card__role em {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-style: italic;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  text-transform: none;
  font-size: var(--font-size-small);
  color: var(--color-text);
}
.contributor-card__bio {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: var(--font-size-body);
  line-height: var(--line-height-body);
  color: var(--color-text);
}

/* ============================================================
   ERROR (404) PAGE
   ============================================================ */
.error-page {
  max-width: var(--measure);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: var(--space-xl) 0;
  text-align: center;
}
.error-page__title {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: var(--font-size-headline);
  font-weight: 900;
  color: var(--color-ink);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-md);
}
.error-page__message {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: var(--font-size-subhead);
  color: var(--color-text);
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: var(--space-lg);
}

/* ============================================================
   SUBSCRIBE SECTION (content, not site chrome)
   ============================================================ */
.subscribe-section {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
  background: var(--color-paper);
  padding: var(--space-xl) 0 var(--space-lg);
  margin-top: var(--space-xl);
}
.subscribe-section__inner {
  max-width: 34rem;
  margin: 0 auto;
  text-align: center;
}
.subscribe-section__heading {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: var(--font-size-subhead);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-ink);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-xs);
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}
.subscribe-section__dek {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: var(--font-size-small);
  color: var(--color-muted);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-md);
}
.subscribe-form {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0;
  justify-content: center;
  max-width: 26rem;
  margin: 0 auto;
}
.subscribe-form__turnstile {
  flex-basis: 100%;
  margin-top: var(--space-sm);
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
}
.subscribe-form input[type="email"] {
  flex: 1;
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: var(--font-size-body);
  padding: 0.6rem 0.9rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
  background: var(--color-paper);
  color: var(--color-ink);
  min-width: 0;
}
.subscribe-form input[type="email"]:focus {
  outline: none;
  border-color: var(--color-accent);
}
.subscribe-form button {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: var(--font-size-small);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.15em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding: 0.6rem 1.2rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-ink);
  background: var(--color-ink);
  color: var(--color-paper);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background 0.15s ease, color 0.15s ease;
}
.subscribe-form button:hover {
  background: var(--color-accent);
  border-color: var(--color-accent);
  color: var(--color-paper);
}
.subscribe-form__status {
  margin-top: var(--space-sm);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: var(--font-size-small);
  min-height: 1.2em;
  color: var(--color-muted);
}
.subscribe-form__status--success { color: #2e7d32; }
.subscribe-form__status--error { color: var(--color-accent); }

/* ============================================================
   RESPONSIVE
   ============================================================ */
@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .circular-masthead {
    margin-bottom: var(--space-md);
  }
  .front-page {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: var(--space-lg);
    padding: var(--space-lg) 0;
  }
  .cover-story__title { max-width: none; }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .container { padding: 0 var(--space-md); }
  .circular-masthead {
    width: min(100%, 390px);
    margin-top: var(--space-sm);
  }
  .circular-masthead__art {
    width: 100%;
    max-height: none;
  }
  .article-continuation {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--space-md);
  }
  .article-continuation__link { max-width: none; }
  .article-continuation__link--next {
    text-align: left;
    margin-left: 0;
  }
  .subscribe-form { flex-direction: column; gap: var(--space-xs); }
  .subscribe-form button { width: 100%; }
}

/* ============================================================
   PRINT
   ============================================================ */
@media print {
  body { background: white; color: black; }
  .pb-masthead__nav, .pb-footer, .subscribe-section, .in-this-number,
  .article-continuation, .subscribe-form,
  .previous-numbers, .cover-story__readmore { display: none; }
  .pb-masthead { border-bottom: 1px solid #000; padding: 1rem 0; }
  .circular-masthead { width: 100%; max-width: 16cm; margin: 1rem auto; }
  .pb-endorsement__name { color: #000; font-size: 1.1rem; }
  .pb-endorsement__tag { color: #333; }
  .article-body, .article-header { max-width: 100%; font-size: 11pt; }
  a { color: black; border-bottom: none; }
  .article-body a[href]::after {
    content: ' (' attr(href) ')';
    font-size: 0.85em;
    color: #555;
  }
  @page { margin: 2cm; }
  .print-footer {
    display: block;
    margin-top: 2rem;
    padding-top: 0.5rem;
    border-top: 1px solid #999;
    font-family: serif;
    font-size: 9pt;
    color: #555;
    text-align: center;
  }
}
.print-footer { display: none; }

/* -- Reduced motion --------------------------------------- */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *, *::before, *::after {
    transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
  }
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
}